Last winter, we witnessed a series of events that could only be described as surreal. Just a few days after the news broke that writer Han Kang had won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her novels about two of the greatest tragedies in modern Korean history—the Jeju April 3 Incident and the Gwangju Democratization Movement —martial law, the event which had led to those brutal events, made a reappearance in South Korea in 2024. With live broadcasts of the National Assembly unfolding online and major global media outlets covering the situation as their top news story, I found myself receiving anxious emails and direct messages from foreign friends living abroad, checking in on my safety.
Even after the Martial Law Declaration came to an end, I spent my days entangled in confusion, anxiety, sorrow, and anger. Yet, at the same time, I came to a profound realization—the power of popular narrative media such as films and novels, and a vague yet persistent sense of "hope." If films like 12.12: The Day (2023), 1987: When the Day Comes (2017), and A Taxi Driver (2017), or novels like Human Acts (2014) had not existed—if we had never been given the opportunity to engage with the "stories" of the past—wouldn't the situation have taken an even darker turn?
Last winter, we witnessed a series of events that could only be described as surreal. Just a few days after the news broke that writer Han Kang had won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her novels about two of the greatest tragedies in modern Korean history—the Jeju April 3 Incident and the Gwangju Democratization Movement —martial law, the event which had led to those brutal events, made a reappearance in South Korea in 2024. With live broadcasts of the National Assembly unfolding online and major global media outlets covering the situation as their top news story, I found myself receiving anxious emails and direct messages from foreign friends living abroad, checking in on my safety.
Even after the Martial Law Declaration came to an end, I spent my days entangled in confusion, anxiety, sorrow, and anger. Yet, at the same time, I came to a profound realization—the power of popular narrative media such as films and novels, and a vague yet persistent sense of "hope." If films like 12.12: The Day (2023), 1987: When the Day Comes (2017), and A Taxi Driver (2017), or novels like Human Acts (2014) had not existed—if we had never been given the opportunity to engage with the "stories" of the past—wouldn't the situation have taken an even darker turn?
I have been studying Korean independent cinema, particularly the documentary genre. Korean independent documentaries, which have consistently been produced under the banner of "independence from power and capital," have wielded "authenticity" as their greatest strength, tackling weighty subjects rarely seen in commercial films.
Considering my interest, the Korean film history course I teach always concludes with discussions on independent cinema. I emphasize how a single event can be interpreted and expressed in diverse ways, introducing students to three or four independent films that explore the Jeju April 3 Incident. (hereafter April 3)
Director Kim Kyungman’s Until the Stones Speak is also a documentary film covering the following incident.
I have been studying Korean independent cinema, particularly the documentary genre. Korean independent documentaries, which have consistently been produced under the banner of "independence from power and capital," have wielded "authenticity" as their greatest strength, tackling weighty subjects rarely seen in commercial films.
Considering my interest, the Korean film history course I teach always concludes with discussions on independent cinema. I emphasize how a single event can be interpreted and expressed in diverse ways, introducing students to three or four independent films that explore the Jeju April 3 Incident. (hereafter April 3)
Director Kim Kyungman’s Until the Stones Speak is also a documentary film covering the following incident.
Compared to the events of Gwangju in 1980, which have been officially named the Gwangju Democratization Movement and incorporated into public history, April 3 is still referred to merely as an "incident." April 3 remains something that seems impossible to fully name or represent—like an abyss of darkness. It was not until 2003 that a government-led truth commission produced an official report on April 3, and it was only in 2006 that the government finally acknowledged responsibility and issued an apology.
" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variant-emoji: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'Noto Sans KR', sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); letter-spacing: -0.36px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Compared to the events of Gwangju in 1980, which have been officially named the Gwangju Democratization Movement and incorporated into public history, April 3 is still referred to merely as an "incident." April 3 remains something that seems impossible to fully name or represent—like an abyss of darkness. It was not until 2003 that a government-led truth commission produced an official report on April 3, and it was only in 2006 that the government finally acknowledged responsibility and issued an apology.
Movie Until the Stones Speak
What sets Until the Stones Speak apart from previous films about April 3 is its focus on the lives of surviving prisoners. The film features five survivors of April 3. As young women in their early twenties, they endured the tragedy of April 3, were imprisoned without trial, and were forced to serve unjust sentences in mainland prisons for several years. Within the harsh prison conditions, some lost their children, while others were subjected to relentless forced labor day and night. Even after their release, they had to live in silence, bearing the stigma of being labeled "communists." The fact that they had been imprisoned was a secret they could not even share with their children. It was only more than 70 years after April 3 that they were finally declared innocent through a retrial conducted by the Jeju April 3 Citizens’ Solidarity.
" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variant-emoji: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: 'Noto Sans KR', sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); letter-spacing: -0.36px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Movie Until the Stones Speak
What sets Until the Stones Speak apart from previous films about April 3 is its focus on the lives of surviving prisoners. The film features five survivors of April 3. As young women in their early twenties, they endured the tragedy of April 3, were imprisoned without trial, and were forced to serve unjust sentences in mainland prisons for several years. Within the harsh prison conditions, some lost their children, while others were subjected to relentless forced labor day and night. Even after their release, they had to live in silence, bearing the stigma of being labeled "communists." The fact that they had been imprisoned was a secret they could not even share with their children. It was only more than 70 years after April 3 that they were finally declared innocent through a retrial conducted by the Jeju April 3 Citizens’ Solidarity.
Movie Until the Stones Speak
As we listen to the harrowing life stories of these elderly women, we are inevitably overcome with sorrow and anger. Yet, at the same time, we are deeply moved by their resilience, integrity, and unwavering belief in humanity, despite everything they have endured. One survivor’s daughter, who appears alongside her mother in the interviews, speaks about her mother with the following words:
"Because she lived through April 3, my mother never missed a single second of the hearings on the Gwangju Democratization Movement. She watched every session without exception. That’s because what happened then was exactly the same as what she had endured. Even when most people were referring to it as the ‘Gwangju Incident,’ she insisted that it wasn’t just an incident… Going through suffering at the hands of the soldiers during April 3, she couldn’t look away—not for a single day."
Listening to testimonies of tragic events takes immense courage, as it brings both mental and physical anguish. Yet, for the voices of these 'stones' to finally be heard, even greater courage was needed, and the wait was unbearably long. Perhaps it is our duty, as those living in the present, to truly listen now that these voices have finally reached us.
Of course, a single film or novel cannot change the world. Expecting such a thing is nothing more than a fantasy. However, the awareness embedded in a film or a book can take root in the subconscious of each viewer or reader, becoming internalized and later reproduced in various ways across time and space. Perhaps this is what writer Han Kang described as “the dead saving the living.”
Movie Until the Stones Speak
As we listen to the harrowing life stories of these elderly women, we are inevitably overcome with sorrow and anger. Yet, at the same time, we are deeply moved by their resilience, integrity, and unwavering belief in humanity, despite everything they have endured. One survivor’s daughter, who appears alongside her mother in the interviews, speaks about her mother with the following words:
"Because she lived through April 3, my mother never missed a single second of the hearings on the Gwangju Democratization Movement. She watched every session without exception. That’s because what happened then was exactly the same as what she had endured. Even when most people were referring to it as the ‘Gwangju Incident,’ she insisted that it wasn’t just an incident… Going through suffering at the hands of the soldiers during April 3, she couldn’t look away—not for a single day."
Listening to testimonies of tragic events takes immense courage, as it brings both mental and physical anguish. Yet, for the voices of these 'stones' to finally be heard, even greater courage was needed, and the wait was unbearably long. Perhaps it is our duty, as those living in the present, to truly listen now that these voices have finally reached us.
Of course, a single film or novel cannot change the world. Expecting such a thing is nothing more than a fantasy. However, the awareness embedded in a film or a book can take root in the subconscious of each viewer or reader, becoming internalized and later reproduced in various ways across time and space. Perhaps this is what writer Han Kang described as “the dead saving the living.”
Lastly, I recall the faint sense of hope I felt amid the anxiety and turmoil of the bitterly cold winter of December 2024. The late Professor Seo Kyung-sik once explained that the etymology of "hope(희망)" comes from the Chinese characters 희(希), meaning "scarce," and 망(望), meaning "absent." He described hope as “something that barely exists, yet something we must continue to walk toward.” Hope is the act of feeling our way forward through darkness. Through this process, we can imagine the darkness that others endure and learn from "the strength of those who walk through that darkness." In this respect, Until the Stones Speak would serve as a powerful guide to experiencing this very strength of hope.
Lastly, I recall the faint sense of hope I felt amid the anxiety and turmoil of the bitterly cold winter of December 2024. The late Professor Seo Kyung-sik once explained that the etymology of "hope(희망)" comes from the Chinese characters 희(希), meaning "scarce," and 망(望), meaning "absent." He described hope as “something that barely exists, yet something we must continue to walk toward.” Hope is the act of feeling our way forward through darkness. Through this process, we can imagine the darkness that others endure and learn from "the strength of those who walk through that darkness." In this respect, Until the Stones Speak would serve as a powerful guide to experiencing this very strength of hope.